Also known as: Glucose Intolerance; Insulin Insensitivity; Insulin-Resistance Syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome; Prediabetes; Syndrome X

Description

Insulin Resistance is a condition that involves a decrease in the sensitivity of the body’s Cells to the actions of Insulin (i.e. a decrease in Insulin Sensitivity). Insulin Resistance is characterized by decreased sensitivity of Insulin Receptors for Insulin. This lack of sensitivity to the effects of Insulin results in ever-increasing production of Insulin, to the extent that dangerously high levels of Insulin can occur.

Prevalence references

25% of the population of the United States has Insulin Resistance (presumably this statistic would apply also to most other Western nations):
- 6.7% of persons aged 20 - 29 have Insulin Resistance.
- 43.5% of persons aged 60 - 70 have Insulin Resistance.

These Substances may Decrease Insulin Resistance (i.e. Increase Insulin Sensitivity)

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Amino Acids

Arginine, N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) and Taurine may reduce Insulin Resistance. references

Carbohydrates

Glucomannan may reduce Insulin Resistance. references

Hormones

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) may reduce Insulin Resistance (by increasing the sensitivity of Cells to Insulin). references
Testosterone may prevent/treat Insulin Resistance in men. references

Lipids

Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) may help to prevent Insulin Resistance. references
Gamma-Linolenic Acid (GLA) helps to prevent Insulin Resistance. references
Guggulipid may help to prevent Insulin Resistance. references
Superunsaturated Fatty Acids may help to prevent Insulin Resistance (by improving the actions of Insulin). references
- Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) may help to prevent Insulin Resistance. references

- Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) may help to prevent Insulin Resistance. References

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Minerals

Chromium (especially the Chromium Polynicotinate form of Chromium) (400 - 800 mcg per day) may decrease Insulin Resistance. references
Insulin Resistance may occur as a result of Magnesium deficiency. references
Potassium may help to prevent Insulin Resistance (it increases Insulin sensitivity). references

Vanadium (especially the Vanadyl Sulfate form of Vanadium) may decrease Insulin Resistance. references
Zinc deficiency may increase the risk of Insulin Resistance. References

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Carnitine (2,000 mg per day) may decrease Insulin Resistance. references

Proteins

Whey Protein may help to prevent/treat Insulin Resistance. references

Quinones

Coenzyme Q10 (120 mg per day) may reduce Insulin Resistance. references

Sulfuric Compounds

Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) may decrease Insulin Resistance (by increasing the permeability of Cells which may cause them to become more responsive to the actions of Insulin). references

Vitamins

Biotin may decrease Insulin Resistance. references

Inositol may decrease Insulin Resistance:

• D-Chiro-Inositol may decrease Insulin Resistance.
• Pinitol may decrease Insulin Resistance.

Lipoic Acid (300 - 600 mg per day) may reduce Insulin Resistance. references

Vitamin A may counteract Insulin Resistance. references

Vitamin C may help to prevent Insulin Resistance (by lowering Blood Sugar levels). references

Vitamin D may help to prevent Insulin Resistance. references

Vitamin E may increase Insulin sensitivity and may thereby reduce Insulin Resistance. References

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These Foods/Herbs/Beverages may Decrease Insulin Resistance

Herbs

Green Tea may help to prevent and alleviate Insulin Resistance (by lowering elevated Blood Sugar levels, by inhibiting the absorption of dietary Glucose and by increasing the activity of Insulin). references

Oils (dietary Oils)

Fish Oils may increase Insulin sensitivity and may thereby alleviate Insulin Resistance: references

Other Factors that may Prevent Insulin Resistance

Diets

Diet Restriction may reduce Insulin Resistance (it may improve Insulin sensitivity). references

Exercise

Regular Exercise may reduce Insulin Resistance: references

• Regular Aerobic Exercise may reduce Insulin Resistance. references
• Regular Isotonic Exercise may reduce Insulin Resistance. references

Insulin Resistance may Interfere with these Substances

Vitamins

Insulin facilitates the transport of Vitamin C into Cells and the Insulin Resistance that afflicts Diabetes Mellitus patients may therefore impair the transport of Vitamin C into Cells.

These Substances may Cause Insulin Resistance

Alkaloids

Excessive Caffeine consumption may cause Insulin Resistance. references

Amino Acids

Homocysteine may cause Insulin Resistance. References

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Carbohydrates

Excessive consumption of Carbohydrates may cause Insulin Resistance: references

• Excessive consumption of Fructose may cause Insulin Resistance. references
• Excessive consumption of Sucrose may cause Insulin Resistance. references

It has been suggested that supplemental Glucosamine may increase the risk of Insulin Resistance: references

• However the studies that have suggested that Glucosamine increases Insulin Resistance have used intravenously-administered Glucosamine at doses that far exceed the amount of Glucosamine used in oral supplements.
• There are no human case reports of Glucosamine supplementation causing Insulin Resistance.
• An animal study has demonstrated that Glucosamine does NOT cause Insulin Resistance.

Hormones

Excessive production of Cortisol may cause Insulin Resistance in the Muscles. references

Exogenous Estrogens may increase the risk of Insulin Resistance in postmenopasual women using Estrogens as part of Hormone Replacement Therapy. references

Excessive endogenous production or release of Insulin may cause Insulin Resistance (via a negative feedback mechanism).

REFER SOLAL PROTOCOLS FOR LOWERING ABOVE MENTIONED HORMONES

Immune System Chemicals (Cytokines)

Excessive Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a) may contribute to Insulin Resistance. references

Lipids

Excessive consumption of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) (Omega-6 Fatty Acids) may cause Insulin Resistance. references
Excessive consumption of Saturated Fatty Acids may cause Insulin Resistance. references

Proteins

C-Reactive Protein is a biomarker of Insulin Resistance. References

REFER SOLAL PROTOCOLS TO LOWER C-REACTIVE PROTEINS

Recreational Drugs

Excessive consumption of Alcohol (ethanol) may cause Insulin Resistance. However, moderate consumption of Alcohol (two standard alcoholic drinks per day) helps to prevent Insulin Resistance. references

Tobacco smoking may increase the risk of Insulin Resistance. references

These Factors may Cause Insulin Resistance

Aging Process

The incidence of Insulin Resistance increases in tandem with the progression of the Aging Process. references

Diets

A high Glycemic Index diet may increase the risk of Insulin Resistance. references

Nervous System

Insulin Resistance may occur as a result of insufficient number of Beta-3 Adrenergic Receptors.

Chronic Insomnia may increase the risk of Insulin Resistance. references

Excessive Stress may cause Insulin Resistance. references

Insulin Resistance may be Associated with these Ailments

Aging Process

There is good evidence that Insulin Resistance accelerates the Aging Process (implying that increased Insulin sensitivity could possibly retard the progression of the Aging Process). references

Cardiovascular System

Insulin Resistance may increase the risk of Atherosclerosis (due to the elevated Insulin levels that are associated with Insulin Resistance). references

Insulin Resistance may increase the risk of Ischemic Heart Disease (due to the elevated Insulin levels that are associated with Ischemic Heart Disease): references

• Insulin Resistance may increase the risk of Heart Attack. references

Insulin Resistance may cause Hypertension. references
Insulin Resistance may cause Stroke.

Aging Process

Insulin Resistance may cause Male Pattern Baldness. references

Metabolism

Insulin Resistance may result in elevated serum Cholesterol levels: references

• Insulin Resistance may result in low HDL Cholesterol levels. references

Insulin Resistance is a symptom of and is the primary feature of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. references

Insulin Resistance may be the underlying cause of Fatigue.

Insulin Resistance may cause the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) form of Fatty Liver. references

Insulin Resistance may cause Obesity (in the presence of Insulin Resistance excessive serum Glucose (Blood Sugar) is converted to Adipose Tissue (body Fat) rather than being utilized by the body’s Cells for the endogenous production of Energy). references

Insulin Resistance may result in elevated serum Triglycerides levels. references

Nervous System

Insulin Resistance may cause poor Concentration ability.
Depression may occur as a result of Insulin Resistance (due to the excessive production of Cortisol). references

Insulin Resistance may cause Memory impairment. references

Sexual System

Insulin Resistance may cause Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (there is some evidence that Insulin Resistance is the principal underlying cause of PCOS): references

• The elevated production of Insulin that occurs during Insulin Resistance affects the Ovaries, preventing ovulation and causing an increase in Androgens (especially Testosterone) levels. These elevated Androgens levels are an integral factor in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
• Approximately 30% of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome are afflicted with Insulin Resistance.